ADF4355
Data Sheet
7. Wait >16 ADC_CLK_DIV cycles. For example, if
The feedback path is also important. In this example, the VCO
output is fed back before the output divider (see Figure 43).
ADC_CLK_DIV = 99.417 kHz, wait 16/99417 sec =
161 µs. See the Register 10 section.
8. Register 0 (autocalibration enabled [DB21 = 1]).
In this example, divide the 122.88 MHz reference signal by 2 to
generate a fPFD of 61.44 MHz. The desired channel spacing is
200 kHz.
For fPFD > 75 MHz (initially lock with half fPFD), use the
following sequence:
fPFD
RF
OUT
PFD
VCO
÷2
1. Register 10.
2. Register 4 (counter reset enabled [DB4 = 1]).
3. Register 2 (for halved fPFD).
N
DIVIDER
4. Register 1 (for halved fPFD).
Figure 43. Loop Closed Before Output Divider
5. Register 0 (for halved fPFD; autocalibration disabled).
6. Register 4 (counter reset disabled [DB4 = 0], with the
R divider doubled to output half fPFD).
7. Wait >16 ADC_CLK cycles. For example, if
ADC_CLK = 99.417 kHz, wait 16/99417 sec = 161 μs.
See the Register 10 section for more information.
8. Register 0 (for halved fPFD; autocalibration enabled).
9. Register 4 (with the R divider set for desired fPFD).
10. Register 2 (for desired fPFD).
The worked example is as follows:
•
N = VCOOUT/fPFD = 4225.6 MHz/61.44 MHz =
68.7760416666666667
INT = int(VCO frequency/fPFD) = 68
FRAC = 0.7760416666666667
•
•
•
•
•
•
MOD1 = 16,777,216
FRAC1 = int(MOD1 × FRAC) = 13019817
Remainder = 0.6666666667 or 2/3
MOD2 = fPFD/GCD(fPFD/fCHSP) = 61.44
MHz/GCD(61.44 MHz/200 kHz) = 1536
FRAC2 = remainder × 1536 = 1024
11. Register 1 (for desired fPFD).
12. Register 0 (for desired fPFD; autocalibration disabled).
The frequency change only occurs when writing to Register 0.
•
RF SYNTHESIZER—A WORKED EXAMPLE
From Equation 8,
Use the following equations to program the ADF4355 synthesizer:
fPFD = (122.88 MHz × (1 + 0)/2) = 61.44 MHz
(9)
FRAC2
MOD2
MOD1
From Equation 7,
FRAC1+
RFOUT
where:
=
INT +
× (fPFD)/RF Divider (7)
2112.8 MHz = 61.44 MHz × ((INT + (FRAC1 +
FRAC2/MOD2)/224))/2
where:
INT = 68
FRAC1 = 13,019,817
FRAC2 = 1024
(10)
RFOUT is the RF frequency output.
INT is the integer division factor.
FRAC1 is the fractionality.
FRAC2 is the auxiliary fractionality.
MOD2 is the auxiliary modulus.
MOD1 is the fixed 24-bit modulus.
MOD2 = 1536
RF Divider = 2 (see Equation 7)
RF Divider is the output divider that divides down the VCO
frequency.
REFERENCE DOUBLER AND REFERENCE DIVIDER
The on-chip reference doubler allows the input reference signal
to be doubled. The doubler is useful for increasing the PFD
comparison frequency. To improve the noise performance of
the system, increase the PFD frequency. Doubling the PFD
frequency usually improves noise performance by 3 dB.
f
PFD = REFIN × ((1 + D)/(R × (1 + T)))
(8)
where:
REFIN is the reference frequency input.
D is the RF REFIN doubler bit.
R is the RF reference division factor.
T is the reference divide by 2 bit (0 or 1).
The reference divide by 2 divides the reference signal by 2,
resulting in a 50% duty cycle PFD frequency.
For example, in a universal mobile telecommunication system
(UMTS) where 2112.8 MHz RF frequency output (RFOUT) is
required, a 122.88 MHz reference frequency input (REFIN) is
available. Note that the ADF4355 VCO operates in the frequency
range of 3.4 GHz to 6.8 GHz. Therefore, an RF divider of 2 must
be used (VCO frequency = 4225.6 MHz, RFOUT = VCO frequency/
RF divider = 4225.6 MHz/2 = 2112.8 MHz).
SPURIOUS OPTIMIZATION AND FAST LOCK
Narrow loop bandwidths can filter unwanted spurious signals,
but these bandwidths usually have a long lock time. A wider
loop bandwidth achieves faster lock times but may lead to
increased spurious signals inside the loop bandwidth.
Rev. B | Page 30 of 35