ADF4106
3.5
6
4
V
= 3V
DD
= 3V
V
P
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
V
= 5V
P
I
= 5mA
CP
2
0
–2
–4
–6
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
– V
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
PRESCALER OUTPUT FREQUENCY
V
CP
TPC 13. DIDD vs. Prescaler Output Frequency
TPC 14. Charge Pump Output Characteristics
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
PRESCALER (P/P + 1)
REFERENCE INPUT SECTION
The dual modulus prescaler (P/P + 1), along with the A and
B counters, enables the large division ratio, N, to be realized
(N = BP + A). The dual-modulus prescaler, operating at CML
levels, takes the clock from the RF input stage and divides it
down to a manageable frequency for the CMOS A and B
counters. The prescaler is programmable. It can be set in soft-
ware to 8/9, 16/17, 32/33 or 64/65. It is based on a synchronous
4/5 core. There is a minimum divide ratio possible for fully
contiguous output frequencies. This minimum is determined by
P, the prescaler value and is given by: (P2 – P).
The Reference Input stage is shown in Figure 2. SW1 and SW2
are normally-closed switches. SW3 is normally-open. When
Powerdown is initiated, SW3 is closed and SW1 and SW2 are
opened. This ensures that there is no loading of the REFIN pin
on power-down.
POWER-DOWN
CONTROL
100kꢁ
NC
A AND B COUNTERS
SW2
The A and B CMOS counters combine with the dual modulus
prescaler to allow a wide ranging division ratio in the PLL feed-
back counter. The counters are specified to work when the
prescaler output is 300 MHz or less. Thus, with an RF input
frequency of 4.0 GHz, a prescaler value of 16/17 is valid but a
value of 8/9 is not valid.
TO R COUNTER
REF
IN
NC
SW1
BUFFER
SW3
NO
NC = NO CONNECT
Pulse Swallow Function
Figure 2. Reference Input Stage
The A and B counters, in conjunction with the dual modulus
prescaler make it possible to generate output frequencies which
are spaced only by the Reference Frequency divided by R. The
equation for the VCO frequency is as follows:
RF INPUT STAGE
The RF input stage is shown in Figure 3. It is followed by a 2-stage
limiting amplifier to generate the CML clock levels needed for the
prescaler.
fREFIN
R
fVCO = [(P × B)+ A]×
BIAS
1.6V
fVCO
P
Output Frequency of external voltage controlled
oscillator (VCO).
Preset modulus of dual modulus prescaler
(8/9, 16/17, etc.,).
GENERATOR
AV
DD
500ꢁ
500ꢁ
B
Preset Divide Ratio of binary 13-bit counter
(3 to 8191).
Preset Divide Ratio of binary 6-bit swallow
counter (0 to 63).
External reference frequency oscillator.
RF
A
B
IN
A
RF
IN
fREFIN
AGND
Figure 3. RF Input Stage
–8–
REV. 0