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MS-2234

更新时间: 2024-11-15 12:46:43
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亚德诺 - ADI /
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3页 143K
描述
Anatomy of a Digital Isolator

MS-2234 数据手册

 浏览型号MS-2234的Datasheet PDF文件第2页浏览型号MS-2234的Datasheet PDF文件第3页 
Technical Article  
MS-2234  
.
Optocouplers, a traditional isolator, incur the greatest  
penalties, consuming high levels of power and limiting data  
rates to below 1 Mbps. More power efficient and higher  
speed optocouplers are available but impose a higher cost  
penalty.  
Anatomy of a Digital Isolator  
by David Krakauer, Product Line Manager,  
Analog Devices, Inc.  
IDEA IN BRIEF  
Digital isolators were introduced over 10 years ago to reduce  
penalties associated with optocouplers. They use CMOS-  
based circuitry and offer significant cost and power savings  
while significantly improving data rates. They are defined by  
the elements noted above. Insulating material determines  
inherent isolation capability and is selected to ensure  
compliance to safety standards. Structure and data transfer  
method are chosen to overcome the cited penalties. All three  
elements must work together to balance design targets, but  
the one target that cannot be compromised and “balanced”  
is the ability to meet safety regulations.  
Digital isolators offer significant, compelling advantages  
over optocouplers in terms of size, speed, power  
consumption, ease of use, and reliability.  
or years, designers of industrial, medical, and other  
isolated systems had limited options when  
implementing safety isolation: the only reasonable  
F
choice was the optocoupler. Today, digital isolators offer  
advantages in performance, size, cost, power efficiency, and  
integration. Understanding the nature and interdependence  
of three key elements of a digital isolator is important in  
choosing the right digital isolator. These elements are  
insulation material, their structure, and data transfer  
method.  
Insulation Material  
Digital isolators use foundry CMOS processes and are  
limited to materials commonly used in foundries.  
Nonstandard materials complicate production, resulting in  
poor manufacturability and higher costs. Common  
insulating materials include polymers such as polyimide  
(PI), which can be spun on as a thin film, and silicon dioxide  
(SiO2). Both have well known insulating properties and have  
been used in standard semiconductor processing for years.  
Polymers have been the basis for many optocouplers, giving  
them an established history as a high voltage insulator.  
Designers incorporate isolation because of safety regulations  
or to reduce noise from ground loops, etc. Galvanic isolation  
ensures data transfer without an electrical connection or  
leakage path that might create a safety hazard. Yet, isolation  
imposes constraints such as delays, power consumption,  
cost, and size. A digital isolator’s goal is to meet safety  
requirements while minimizing incurred penalties.  
Figure 1. Transformer with Thick Polyimide Insulation Where Current Pulses Create Magnetic Fields to Induce Current on the Secondary Coil (left);  
Capacitor with Thin SiO2 Insulation Using Low Current Electric Fields to Couple Across Isolation Barrier (right)  
www.analog.com  
©2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.  
October 2011 | Page 1 of 3  

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