7B991
Programmable Skew Clock Buffer (PSCB)
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
Phase Frequency Detector and Filter
These two blocks accept inputs from the reference frequency (REF) input and the feedback (FB) input and generate
correction information to control the frequency of the Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO). These blocks, along with
the VCO, form a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) that tracks the incoming REF signal.
VCO and Time Unit Generator
The VCO accepts analog control inputs from the PLL filter block and generates a frequency that is used by the time
unit generator to create discrete time units that are selected in the skew select matrix. The operational range of the
VCO is determined by the FS control pin. The time unit (tU) is determined by the operating frequency of the device and
the level of the FS pin as shown in Table 1.
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TABLE 8. 7B991 FREQUENCY RANGE SELECT AND tU CALCULATION
2,3
fNOM (MHZ)
tU = 1/fNOM X N
APPROXIMATE FREQUENCY (MHZ)
AT WHICH tU = 1.0 ns
FS
WHERE N =
MIN
MAX
LOW
MID
15
25
40
30
50
80
44
26
16
22.7
38.5
62.5
HIGH
1. For all three state inputs. HIGH indicates a connection to V . LOW indicates a connection to GND, and MID indicates an
CC
open connection. Internal termination circuitry holds an unconnected input to V /2.
CC
2. The level to be set of FS is determined by the “normal” operating frequency (fNOM) of the VCO and Time Unit Generator (see
Logic Block Diagram). Nominal frequency (fNOM) always appears at 1Q0 and the other outputs when they are operated in their
undivided modes (See Table 9). The frequency appearing at the REF and FB inputs will be fNOM when the output connected to
FB is undivided. The frequency appearing at the REF and FB inputs will be fNOM/2 or fNOM/4 when the part is configured for a
frequency multiplication by using a divided output as the FB input.
3. When the FS pin is selected HIGH, the REF input must not transition upon power-up until VCC has reached 4.3V.
Skew Select Matrix
The skew select matrix is comprised of four independent sections. Each section has two low-skew, high-fanout driv-
ers(xQ0, xQ1), and two corresponding three-level function select (xF0, xF1) inputs. Table 9 below shows the nine pos-
sible output functions for each section as determined by the function select inputs. All times are measured with respect
to the REF input assuming that the output connected to the FB input has 0tU selected.
09.23.02 Rev 4
All data sheets are subject to change without notice
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