AN731
Vishay Siliconix
Simple Solution for Dynamically Programming the
Output Voltage of DC-DC Converters
INTRODUCTION
Figure1showsatypicaldc-to-dcconverterconfiguration. Asin
many PWM controllers, the non-inverting input of the voltage
feedback error amplifier is internally connected to the
reference voltage, Vr. The output voltage of the converter is set
by a resistor divider network R1 and R2. This configuration
enables a fixed output voltage that is equal to or greater than
the reference voltage. But in many power conversion designs,
it is useful to vary the output to a value lower than the reference
voltage and to dynamically adjust the output voltage. The
op-amp circuit shown in Figure 3 gives designers a simple way
to do this. Scaling the output voltage with respect to a control
voltage VC is totally flexible. This application note describes
how to use this simple solution and provides a step-by-step
designproceduretoassistdesignersincalculatingthespecific
parameters required by their circuits.
DESIGN REQUIREMENT
Reference voltage, Vr
Control voltage: VC = VC1 to VC2
Output voltage: VO = VO1 at VC = VC1, VO = VO2 at VC = VC2
and VO is linear for any value of VC in its range.
,
These design requirements are shown in Figure 2. The output
voltage is a linear function with respect to the control voltage.
The function crosses two end points A = (VC1, VO1) and B =
(VC2, VO2).
V
O
(V)
Power Stage
PWM
V
IN
V
OUT
B (V , V
)
C2
O2
R1
R2
FB
–
+
V
r
EA
A (V , V
)
C1
O1
PWM Controller
V
C
(V)
FIGURE 1. Typical DC/DC Converter Configuration
FIGURE 2. Output Voltage vs Control Voltage Requirement
Power Stage
PWM
V
IN
V
OUT
R1
FB
A
R3
–
+
V
r
EA
R2
R4
B
PWM Controller
V
C
–
+
V
r2
V
X
LM358
Op-Amp Circuit
FIGURE 3. Op-Amp Circuit Offers Programmable Output Function
Document Number: 71128
28-Jan-00
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