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CALCULATING

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Calculating Transient Energy (59k)

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SI97-02

Surging Ideas

TVS Diode Application Note

PROTECTION PRODUCTS

Calculating Transient Energy

This application note explains how to calculate the

transient energy which is absorbed by a suppression

element. An approximation technique is employed for

transient current impulse waveforms, assuming the

clamping voltage is almost constant during the surge

impulse.

In the case of transients which are internal to the

circuit, such as those created by inductive switching,

the energy of the transient waveform may be readily

calculated. Transients which are external to the circuit

are more difficult to quantify. In this case an approxi-

mation technique may then be used to estimate the

energy which is absorbed by the suppression element.

The energy which is absorbed by the suppression

device is given by:

VcIpdt

= KV_CL_Pt_P

∫

Where

E = Energy (Joules)

Vc = Clamping Voltage (Volts)

Ip = Peak Pulse Surge Current (Amps)

tp = Impulse Duration

K = Constant

Figure 1 - Energy Waveforms/Form Factor Constants

K values for the most common surge current wave-

forms are given in Figure 1. For complex waveforms

such as a double exponential impulse, the waveform

may be divided into two parts to calculate the total

energy.

Example Calculation

A typical waveform representative of lightning induced

transients is shown in Figure 2. It is a 10/1000µs

double exponential impulse as defined by Bellcore

1089. To calculate the energy absorbed by an LC01-6

first divide the waveform into two parts with part 1

being the section of the waveform from 0 to 10µs and

part two the section from the peak to 1000µs (the

50% decay point). From the LC01-6 data sheet, the

maximum clamping voltage at 100A is 15V.

Therefore:

Figure 2 - Double Exponential Impulse

Waveform

Part 1 : E1 = KVcIptp = 0.5*15*100*10x10^-6= 7.5mJ

Part 2 : E2 = KVcIptp = 1.4*15*100*1x10^-3= 2.1J

E = E1 + E2 = .0075 + 2.1 = 2.11J

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Revision 9/2000

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