AD6600
If a low jitter ECL/PECL clock is available, another option is to
ac-couple a differential ECL/PECL signal to the encode input
pins as shown in Figure 19.
When general purpose gain blocks are used, matching can easily
be achieved using a transformer. Most gain blocks are available
with 50 Ω input and output ports. Thus matching to the 200 Ω
impedance of the AD6600 requires only a 1:4 (impedance ratio)
transformer as shown in Figure 21.
VT
0.1ꢃF
FROM
MIXER
ENCODE
ECL/
OUTPUT
AD6600
AD6600
PECL
50ꢁ GAIN
ADC
0.1ꢃF
BLOCK
ENCODE
Figure 21. Transformer-Coupled Gain Block
VT
In the rare case that better matching is required, a conjugate
match between the amplifier selected and the transformer-
coupled analog input can be achieved by placing the matching
network between the amplifier and the transformer (Figure 22).
For more details on matching, see the reference mentioned
previously for more details.
Figure 19. AC-Coupled ECL/PECL Encode
Driving the Analog Inputs
As with most new high-speed, high dynamic range analog-to-digital
converters, the analog input to the AD6600 is differential. Differ-
ential inputs allow much improvement in performance on-chip
as IF signals are processed through attenuation and gain stages.
Most of the improvement is a result of differential analog stages
having high rejection of even-order harmonics. There are also
benefits at the PCB level. First, differential inputs have high
common-mode rejection to stray signals such as ground and
power noise. They also provide good rejection to common-mode
signals such as local oscillator feedthrough.
FROM
MATCHING
MIXER
NETWORK
OUTPUT
AD6600
50ꢁ GAIN
BLOCK
ADC
Figure 22. Gain Block and Matching Network
Understanding the External Analog Filter
Driving a differential analog input introduces some new chal-
lenges. Most RF/IF amplifiers are single-ended and may not
obviously interface to the AD6600. However, using simple
techniques, a clean interface is possible. The recommended
method to drive the analog input port is shown in Figure 20.
The AD6600 input is actually designed to match easily to a
SAW filter such as SAWTEK 855297. This allows the SAW
filter to be used in a differential mode, which often improves the
operations of a SAW filter. Using network analyzer data for
both the SAW filter output and the AD6600 input ports (see
data tables for AD6600 S11 data), a conjugate match can be
used for maximum power transfer. Often an adequate match
can be achieved simply by using a shunt inductor to make the
port look real (Figure 20). For more details on how to exactly
match networks, see RF Circuit Design by Chris Bowick, ISBN:
0-672-21868-2.
Two primary trade-offs must be made when designing the exter-
nal resonant filter. The obvious one is the bandwidth of the
filter. The second, not so obvious, trade-off is settling time of
the filter nodes.
Resonant Filter Bandwidth determines the amount of noise that
is limited at the center frequency chosen. If the resonant filter is
too wide, little noise improvement is seen. If the resonant filter
is too narrow, amplitude variation can be seen due to the toler-
ance of filter components. If the narrow filter is off center due to
these tolerances (or drift), the 4×/8× signal will fall on the transi-
tion band of the filter. An optimum starting point for this filter
is approximately 50 MHz.
Resonant Filter Settling limits the amount of capacitance of this
filter. The output of the 4×/8× amplifier is clamped when the
ADC is processing its input (encode high time). This prevents the
amp output from feeding through to the ADC (T/H) and cor-
rupting the ADC results. But, upon the falling edge of encode,
the amp must now come out of clamp and present an accurate
signal to the ADC T/H. The RC of the external filter deter-
mines the settling of the amp. If the amp output does not settle,
the ADC sees an attenuated signal. So obviously, a narrow
bandwidth is desired to improve noise performance; but if the
filter is too narrow, the amp will not settle and the ADC will see
an attenuated signal.
FROM
AD6600
MIXER
SAW #1
AD6630
SAW #2
ADC
OUTPUT
Figure 20. Cascaded SAW Filters with AD6630
Where gain is required, the AD6630 differential, low noise, IF
gain block is recommended. This amplifier provides 24 dB of
gain and provides limiting to prevent damage to the SAW filter
and AD6600. The AD6630 is designed to reside between two
SAW filters. This low noise device is ideally suited to many
applications of the AD6600. For more information on the
AD6630, reference the AD6630 data sheet.
Figure 23 shows a simplified model of the 4×/8× amplifier. A
key point to note is that the resistor values in the collector legs
are 315 Ω nominal with a tolerance of 20%. The filter perfor-
mance is determined by these values in conjunction with the
internal parasitic capacitance, board parasitics and the external
filter components.
–18–
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