AD637
100
10
100
10
VALUES OF C , C2 AND C3
AV
AND 1% SETTLING TIME FOR
STATED % OF READING
AVERAGING ERROR*
10
1
7V RMS INPUT
2V RMS INPUT
1V RMS INPUT
2 POLL SALLEN-KEY FILTER
*%dc ERROR + % PEAK RIPPLE
ACCURACY ꢂ20% DUE TO
COMPONENT TOLERANCE
1%
0.01% ERROR
10%
ꢂ3dB
1.0
1.0
0.1% ERROR
100mV RMS INPUT
100mV RMS INPUT
0.1
0.01
1% ERROR
5% ERROR
0.1
0.1
1k
10k
100k
INPUT FREQUENCY – Hz
1M
10M
0.01
100k
0.01
1
10
100
1k
10k
INPUT FREQUENCY – Hz
Figure 10. Frequency Response
Figure 9c.
AC MEASUREMENT ACCURACY AND CREST FACTOR
Crest factor is often overlooked in determining the accuracy of
an ac measurement. Crest factor is defined as the ratio of the
peak signal amplitude to the rms value of the signal (CF =
Vp/V rms). Most common waveforms, such as sine and triangle
waves, have relatively low crest factors (≤2). Waveforms that
resemble low duty cycle pulse trains, such as those occurring in
switching power supplies and SCR circuits, have high crest
factors. For example, a rectangular pulse train with a 1% duty
Table I. Practical Values of CAV and C2 for Various Input
Waveforms
Recommended CAV and C2
Values for 1% Averaging
Error@60Hz with T = 16.6ms
Recommended Recommended
Minimum
Absolute Value
Circuit Waveform
and Period
Input Waveform
and Period
R ꢄ CAV
Time
1%
Settling
Time
Standard
Value CAV
Standard
Value C2
Constant
1/2T
T
1/2T
0.47ꢀF
0.82ꢀF
1.5ꢀF
2.7ꢀF
181ms
325ms
A
0V
η
cycle has a crest factor of 10 (CF = 1
).
Symmetrical Sine Wave
T
T
100ꢀs
T
T
ꢅ = DUTY CYCLE =
T
B
C
D
Vp
0V
ꢅ
e0
CF = 1/
0
Sine Wave with dc Offset
e
IN
(RMS) = 1 V RMS
T
T
100ꢀF
10(T – T2)
10(T – 2T2)
T2
T2
6.8ꢀF
5.6ꢀF
22ꢀF
18ꢀF
2.67sec
2.17sec
10
0V
Pulse Train Waveform
C
AV
= 22ꢀF
T
T
T2
T2
0V
1.0
0.1
CF = 10
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
The frequency response of the AD637 at various signal levels is
shown in Figure 10. The dashed lines show the upper frequency
limits for 1%, 10%, and 3 dB of additional error. For example,
note that for 1% additional error with a 2 V rms input the high-
est frequency allowable is 200 kHz. A 200 mV signal can be
measured with 1% error at signal frequencies up to 100 kHz.
CF = 3
0.01
1
10
100
1000
To take full advantage of the wide bandwidth of the AD637,
care must be taken in the selection of the input buffer amplifier.
To ensure that the input signal is accurately presented to the
converter, the input buffer must have a –3 dB bandwidth that is
wider than that of the AD637. A point that should not be over-
looked is the importance of slew rate in this application. For
example, the minimum slew rate required for a 1 V rms 5 MHz
sine-wave input signal is 44 V/µs. The user is cautioned that this
is the minimum rising or falling slew rate and that care must be
exercised in the selection of the buffer amplifier, as some ampli-
fiers exhibit a two-to-one difference between rising and falling slew
rates. The AD845 is recommended as a precision input buffer.
PULSEWIDTH – ꢀs
Figure 11. AD637 Error vs. Pulsewidth Rectangular Pulse
REV. F
–9–