(1)
Clock
Data
MSB
1
LSB
16
(2)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
MSB
Latch
Enable
(3)
(4)
NOTES: (1) If clock is stopped between input of 16-bit data words, latch enable (LE) must remain low until after the first clock of the next 16-bit data
word stream. (2) Data format is binary two's complement (BTC). Individual data bits are clocked in on the corresponding positive clock edge. (3) Latch
enable (LE) must remain low at least one clock cycle after going negative. (4) Latch enable (LE) must be high for at least one clock cycle before going
negative.
FIGURE 7. Input Timing Diagram.
source and drain of the FET switch operate at a virtual
> 40ns
ground when “C” and “B” are connected in the sample
mode, there is no increase in distortion caused by the
modulation effect of RON by the audio signal.
Data
Input
LSB
MSB
Figure 10 shows the deglitcher controls for both left and
right channels which are produced by timing control logic.
A delay of 1.5µs (tω) is provided to allow the output of the
PCM56 to settle within a small error band around its final
value before connecting it to the channel output. Due to the
fast settling time of the PCM56 it is possible to minimize the
delay between the left- and right-channel outputs when
using a single D/A converter for both channels. This is
important because the right- and left-channel data are recorded
in-phase and the use of the slower D/A converter would
result in significant phase error at higher frequencies.
>15ns >15ns
Clock
Input
> 40ns
> 40ns
> 5ns
> 100ns
Latch
Enable
> 15ns
> One Clock Cycle
> One Clock Cycle
The obvious solution to the phase shift problem in a two-
channel system would be to use two D/A converters (one per
channel) and time the outputs to change simultaneously.
Figure 11 shows a block diagram of the final test circuitry
used for PCM56. It should be noted that no deglitching
circuitry is required on the DAC output to meet specified
THD performance. This means that when one PCM56 is
used per channel, the need for all the sample/hold and
controls circuitry associated with a single DAC (two-channel)
design is effectively eliminated. The PCM56 is tested to
meet its THD specifications without the need for output
deglitching.
FIGURE 8. Input Timing Relationships.
of RF radiation or pickup is loop area; therefore, signal leads
and their return conductors should be kept close together.
This reduces the external magnetic field along with any
radiation. Also, if a signal lead and its return conductor are
wired close together, they represent a small flux-capture
cross section for any external field. This reduces radiation
pickup in the circuit.
APPLICATIONS
A low-pass filter is required after the PCM56 to remove all
unwanted frequency components caused by the sampling
frequency as well as those resulting from the discrete nature
of the D/A output. This filter must have a flat frequency
response over the entire audio band (0-20kHz) and a very
high attenuation above 20kHz.
Figures 9 and 10 show a circuit and timing diagram for a
single PCM56 used to obtain both left- and right-channel
output in a typical digital audio system. The audio output of
the PCM56 is alternately time-shared between the left and
right channels. The design is greatly simplified because the
PCM56 is a complete D/A converter requiring no external
reference or output op amp.
Most previous digital audio circuits used a higher order (9-
13 pole) analog filter. However, the phase response of an
analog filter with these amplitude characteristics is nonlinear
and can disturb the pulse-shaped characteristic transients
contained in music.
A sample/hold (S/H) amplifier, or “deglitcher” is required at
the output of the D/A for both the left and right channel, as
shown in Figure 9. The S/H amplifier for the left channel is
composed of A1, SW1, and associated circuitry. A1 is used
as an integrator to hold the analog voltage in C1. Since the
®
7
PCM56