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➢ 使用注意事项 Cautions For Use
（1）超级电容器极性问题 Polarity problem of supercapacitor
与普通电解电容器或电池不同的是，由于超级电容器正负极采用的是同种材质，从理论上讲是不存在极性的；而超级电容
器所标识的极性是生产商在生产工艺过程制定的，当电容使用中不小心短期反向使用，不会造成电容器实质性破坏，调整为正
向可保证使用，但不可长期反向使用，会造成电容寿命特性迅速衰减。
Unlike ordinary electrolytic capacitors or batteries, the anode and cathode of supercapacitors are made of the same material, so there
is no polarity in theory. However, the polarity indicated by super capacitors is formulated by the manufacturer in the production process.
When the capacitor is used carelessly in the short-term reverse operation, it will not cause substantial damage to the capacitor. If adjusted
to a positive direction, it can be guaranteed to be used, but it cannot be used in the long-term reverse operation, which will result in the
rapid attenuation of capacitor life characteristics.
（2）关于超级电容器充电问题 On the issue of supercapacitor charging
超级电容器充电需要采用不超过额定电压的直流电压，可采用限流、恒流、恒功率、恒电压等多种充电方式；超级电容器
充电时可能会拉低充电电源电压，直到电容器充满维持电压平衡。
Charging of supercapacitors requires dc voltage which does not exceed rated voltage, and various charging methods such as current
limit, constant current, constant power and constant voltage can be adopted. Supercapacitors can be charged by lowering the voltage of
the charging power supply until the capacitors are full enough to maintain voltage balance.
（3）超级电容器的内阻及容量问题 The problem of internal resistance and capacity of supercapacitors
在充放电过程中，超级电容器的内阻引起的 IR 降，会损失电容器的充放电效率，故电容器内阻大小在一定程度上决定了电
容器品质的优劣，而由于超级电容器的内阻要大于普通电容器，在交流电路或高频率充放电过程中，电容会发热，造成寿命迅
速衰减，这也是超级电容一般只用于直流电路的原因。
与普通电容器相比，超级电容器具有较大的时间常数τ，所以充放电时间均较长，也正因为如此，不适合连续的大电流频
繁工作，会引起发热性能迅速衰减。超级电容器的频率特性表现为高频率下，碳电极微孔中的正负离子响应时间较长，故表现
的容量很小。不可采用普通测量电容器设备交流测量容量，而是要采用基于电池测量 mAh 方法进行测试。
In the process of charging and discharging, super capacitor resistance caused by the IR drop, lose efficiency of capacitor charging
and discharging, so the size of capacitor resistance to a certain extent, determines the actor bad of character of capacitor, due to the
internal resistance of the super capacitor than normal capacitors, in the process of communication charge and discharge circuit or high
frequency, capacitor will fever, cause life decay quickly, which is the cause of the super capacitor only commonly used in dc.
Compared with ordinary capacitors, supercapacitors have a larger time constant, so the charge-discharge time is relatively long, and
because of this, it is not suitable for continuous large current to work frequently, which will cause rapid attenuation of the heating
performance. The frequency characteristic of supercapacitors is that the response time of positive and negative ions in the micro pores of
carbon electrode is long at high frequency. Instead of measuring capacitors' ac capacity, the mAh method based on battery measurement is
used.
100F频率@容量
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.1
1
10
100
1000
频率（Hz）
（4）运输及储存 Transport and storage
9
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