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AN665

更新时间: 2022-04-23 23:00:11
品牌 Logo 应用领域
美国微芯 - MICROCHIP /
页数 文件大小 规格书
17页 158K
描述
USING KEELOQ㈢ TO GENERATE HOPPING PASSWORDS

AN665 数据手册

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M
AN665  
¨
Using KEELOQ to Generate Hopping Passwords  
THE “HOPPING” ADVANTAGE  
Author:  
Lucio Di Jasio  
Arizona Microchip Technology, Italy  
Password-based access control systems are very pop-  
ular today, but the level of security they provide are  
often overestimated. Being basically a unidirectional  
transmission, a password-based system has two very  
important shortcomings which can lead to unautho-  
rized access: the code is fixed, and the number of pos-  
sible combinations is relatively low.  
INTRODUCTION  
The purpose of this application note is to demonstrate  
Ò
how KEELOQ code hopping technology can be conve-  
niently employed to implement an automatic code hop-  
ping password generator/keypad. Using a PIC12C508,  
the hopping code produced by an HCS300 is converted  
to a string of 16 hex digits. This string is then trans-  
ferred to the PC via the keyboard line, thereby emulat-  
ing the actual pressure of a sequence of keys on a  
The growing speed of communication lines and the  
computing power of available systems increases the  
chance of a brute force attack or “code scanning.The  
use of unsecure means of transmission, where code  
“grabbing” is possible (i.e., a typical modem connection  
over phone lines), can make the use of a fixed code  
highly undesirable. Note that these are the same situa-  
tion that led to the introduction of the “code hopping”  
concept in the remote control market.  
®
standard PC/AT keyboard. Since this conversion pro-  
cess is transparent to any application, it appears as if  
the user is simply typing on a PC/AT-type keyboard.  
An ideal situation for implementing this application  
would be in creating a “super password” for general,  
access-control secure logins when transmitting infor-  
mation onto the internet (i.e., through a browser) or a  
Java applet.  
The basic idea is to have the access code change each  
time it is used through a sequence where the new  
codes cannot be predicted even knowing a very large  
number of previously used ones. Producing such a  
sequence requires the use of a solid encryption engine.  
Microchip Technology is currently offering a broad  
range of encoders based on the proprietary KEELOQ  
code hopping technology. These encoders make pro-  
ducing a code hopping remote control easy, but as we  
will see, can also be conveniently used to add the hop-  
ping advantage to old password based access control  
systems in a transparent way.  
FIGURE 1: HCS300 AND PIC12C508 PINOUT DIAGRAMS  
HCS300  
PIC12C508  
8
7
6
5
VSS  
VDD  
LED  
PWM  
VSS  
S0  
1
2
3
4
VDD  
GP5/OSC1/CLKIN  
GP4/OSC2  
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
GP0  
S1  
S2  
S3  
GP1  
GP3/MCLR/VPP  
GP2/T0CKI  
KEELOQ is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology, Inc.  
Microchip’s Secure Data Products are covered by some or all of the following patents:  
Code hopping encoder patents issued in Europe, U.S.A., and R.S.A. — U.S.A.: 5,517,187; Europe: 0459781; R.S.A.: ZA93/4726  
Secure learning patents issued in the U.S.A. and R.S.A. — U.S.A.: 5,686,904; R.S.A.: 95/5429  
IBM PC-AT, IBM and AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation  
ã 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.  
DS00665A-page 1  

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