ADXL78
APPLICATIONS
If the difference frequency is outside of the signal bandwidth,
the filter attenuates it. However, both the power supply clock
and the accelerometer clock may vary with time or temperature,
which can cause the interference signal to appear in the output
filter bandwidth.
POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING
For most applications, a single 5.1 μF capacitor, CDC, adequately
decouples the accelerometer from noise on the power supply.
However, in some cases, particularly where noise is present at
the 455 kHz internal clock frequency (or any harmonic
thereof), noise on the supply can cause interference on the
ADXL78’s output. If additional decoupling is needed, a 35 Ω (or
smaller) resistor or ferrite bead can be inserted in the supply
line. Additionally, a larger bulk bypass capacitor (in the 1 μF to
The ADXL78 addresses this issue in two ways. First, the high
clock frequency eases the task of choosing a power supply clock
frequency such that the difference between it and the accelero-
meter clock remains well outside of the filter bandwidth.
Second, the ADXL78 is the only micromachined accelerometer
to have a fully differential signal path, including differential
sensors. The differential sensors eliminate most of the power
supply noise before it reaches the demodulator. Good high
frequency supply bypassing, such as a ceramic capacitor close to
the supply pins, also minimizes the amount of interference.
4.7 μF range) can be added in parallel to CDC
.
SELF-TEST
The fixed fingers in the forcing cells are normally kept at the
same potential as that of the movable frame. When the self-test
digital input is activated, the voltage on the fixed fingers on one
side of the moving plate in the forcing cells is changed. This
creates an attractive electrostatic force, which causes the frame
to move toward those fixed fingers. The entire signal channel is
active; therefore, the sensor displacement causes a change in
The clock frequency supply response (CFSR) is the ratio of the
response at VOUT to the noise on the power supply near the
accelerometer clock frequency. A CFSR of ± means that the
signal at VOUT is ±× the amplitude of an excitation signal at VDD
near the accelerometer internal clock frequency. This is
analogous to the power supply response, except that the
stimulus and the response are at different frequencies. The
ADXL78’s CFSR is 15× better than a typical single-ended
accelerometer system.
VOUT. The ADXL78 self-test function is a comprehensive
method of verifying the operation of the accelerometer.
Because electrostatic force is independent of the polarity of the
voltage across capacitor plates, a positive voltage is applied in
half of the forcing cells, and its complement in the other half of
the forcing cells. Activating self-test causes a step function force
to be applied to the sensor, while the capacitive coupling term is
canceled. The ADXL78 has improved self-test functionality,
including excellent transient response and high speed switching
capabilities. Arbitrary force waveforms can be applied to the
sensor by modulating the self-test input, such as test signals to
measure the system frequency response or even crash signals to
verify algorithms within the limits of the self-test swing.
SIGNAL DISTORTION
Signals from crashes and other events may contain high
amplitude, high frequency components. These components
contain very little useful information and are reduced by the
2-pole Bessel filter at the output of the accelerometer. However,
if the signal saturates at any point, the accelerometer output
does not look like a filtered version of the acceleration signal.
The ST pin should never be exposed to voltages greater than
VS + 5.± V. If this cannot be guaranteed due to the system
design (for instance, if there are multiple supply voltages), then
a low VF clamping diode between ST and VS is recommended.
The signal may saturate anywhere before the filter. For example,
if the resonant frequency of the sensor is low, the displacement
per unit acceleration is high. The sensor may reach the
mechanical limit of travel if the applied acceleration is high
enough. This can be remedied by locating the accelerometer
where it does not see high values of acceleration, and by using a
higher resonant frequency sensor such as the ADXL78.
CLOCK FREQUENCY SUPPLY RESPONSE
In any clocked system, power supply noise near the clock
frequency may have consequences at other frequencies. An
internal clock typically controls the sensor excitation and the
signal demodulator for micromachined accelerometers.
Also, the electronics may saturate in an overload condition
between the sensor output and the filter input. Ensuring that
the internal circuit nodes operate linearly to at least several
times the full-scale acceleration value can minimize electrical
saturation. The ADXL78’s circuits are linear to approximately
8× full scale.
If the power supply contains high frequency spikes, they may be
demodulated and interpreted as an acceleration signal. A signal
appears as the difference between the noise frequency and the
demodulator frequency. If the power supply spikes are 155 Hz
away from the demodulator clock, there is an output term at
155 Hz. If the power supply clock is at exactly the same frequency
as the accelerometer clock, the term appears as an offset.
Rev. A | Page 8 of 12
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