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AB-066 PDF预览

AB-066

更新时间: 2024-11-18 23:26:55
品牌 Logo 应用领域
其他 - ETC 转换器
页数 文件大小 规格书
4页 46K
描述
AB-066 - VOLTAGE-TO FREQUENCY CONVERTERS OFFER USEFUL OPTIONS IN A/D CONVERSION

AB-066 数据手册

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®
AP P LICATION BULLETIN  
Mailing Address: PO Box 11400 • Tucson, AZ 85734 • Street Address: 6730 S. Tucson Blvd. • Tucson, AZ 85706  
Tel: (602) 746-1111 • Twx: 910-952-111 • Telex: 066-6491 • FAX (602) 889-1510 • Immediate Product Info: (800) 548-6132  
VOLTAGE-TO FREQUENCY CONVERTERS  
OFFER USEFUL OPTIONS IN A/D CONVERSION  
Specialized Counting Techniques Achieve Improved Speed and Resolution  
Voltage-to-frequency converters (VFCs) provide unique  
characteristics when used as analog-to-digital (A/D) con-  
verters. Their excellent accuracy, linearity, and integrating  
input characteristics often provide performance attributes  
unattainable with other converter types. By using efficient  
frequency counting techniques, familiar speed/accuracy  
tradeoffs can be averted.  
When system requirements suggest the VFC as an appropri-  
ate choice, a frequency measurement technique must also be  
chosen which meets the conversion speed requirements.  
While it is clearly not a “fast” converter, conversion speed  
of a VFC system can be optimized by using efficient  
counting techniques.  
The frequency counting scheme shown in Figure 1 is the  
most commonly used technique for converting the output of  
a VFC to a numerical quantity. A gate time is created by  
dividing a reference frequency down to a suitable period, T.  
The output pulses of the VFC are simply accumulated  
during the time the gate signal is high. If T is equal to one  
second, for instance, the output count M is equal to the VFC  
frequency. Other gate periods (often 0.1 seconds, 10 sec-  
onds, etc.) are conveniently scaled by a decimal point shift  
or a simple multiplying factor. The reset circuitry which  
must be used to clear the counter before the next gate period  
occurs is not shown in this simplified diagram.  
Since an analog quantity represented as a frequency is  
inherently a serial data stream, it is easily handled in large  
multichannel systems. Frequency information can be trans-  
mitted over long lines with excellent noise immunity using  
low cost digital line transmitters and receivers. Voltage  
isolation can be accomplished with low cost optical couplers  
or transformers without loss in accuracy. Many channels of  
frequency data can be efficiently steered to one counter  
circuit using simple digital gating, avoiding expensive ana-  
log multiplexing circuitry.  
Like a dual-slope A/D converter, the VFC possesses a true  
integrating input. While a successive approximation A/D  
converter takes a “snapshot” in time, making it susceptible  
to noise peaks, the VFC’s input is constantly integrating,  
smoothing the effects of noise or varying input signals.  
Since the gate period is not synchronized to the VFC output  
pulses, there is a potential counting inaccuracy of plus or  
minus one count on M. This is easily seen by imagining a  
sliding window of width T along the VFC output waveform.  
f
VIN  
VFC  
Counter M  
M = 3  
M ± 1  
f =  
T
3 ± 1  
10  
f =  
fr  
Reference  
Oscillator  
fr  
÷
10  
T
fr  
G
M = 3  
3
M = 2  
2
f
1
2
1
FIGURE 1. This Simplified Diagram of the Standard Counting Method Shows the Potential Inaccuracies That Can Occur.  
Although the first gate counts three rising edges of the VFC output frequency, f, the second gate period counts only  
two.  
©1994 Burr-Brown Corporation  
AB-066  
Printed in U.S.A.May, 1994  

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