Accelerator Series FPGAs: ACT 3 PCI-Compliant Family
the input of S-modules or I/O modules. There are two
dedicated clock networks: one for the array registers (HCLK),
and one for the I/O registers (IOCLK). The clock networks
are accessed by special I/Os.
OE
SLEW
Routed Clocks
The routed clock networks are referred to as CLK0 and CLK1.
Each network is connected to a clock module (CLKMOD)
that selects the source of the clock signal, and may be driven
as follows (see Figure 6):
DATAOUT
•
•
•
•
Externally from the CLKA Pad
Externally from the CLKB Pad
Internally from the CLKINA Input
Internally from the CLKINB Input
PAD
DATAIN
IEN
The clock modules are located in the top row of the I/O
modules. Clock drivers and a dedicated horizontal clock track
are located in each horizontal routing channel. The function
of the clock module is determined by the selection of clock
macros from the macro library. The macro CLKBUF is used to
connect one of the two external clock pins to a clock network,
and the macro CLKINT is used to connect an internally
generated clock signal to a clock network. Since both clock
networks are identical, the user may use either CLK0 or
CLK1. Routed clocks can also be used to drive high-fanout
nets like resets, output enables, or data enables. This saves
logic modules and results in performance increases in some
cases.
INEN
OUTEN
Figure 5 • Function Diagram for I/O Pad Driver
Special I/Os
The special I/Os are of two types: temporary and permanent.
Temporary special I/Os are used during programming and
testing, and function as normal I/Os when the MODE pin is
inactive. Permanent special I/Os are user-programmed as
either normal I/Os or special I/Os. Their function does not
change once the device has been programmed. The
permanent special I/Os consist of the array clock input
buffers (CLKA and CLKB), the hard-wired array clock input
buffer (HCLK), the hard-wired I/O clock input buffer
(IOCLK), and the hard-wired I/O register preset/clear input
buffer (IOPCL). Their function is determined by the I/O
macros selected.
CLKB
CLKA
CLKINB
CLKINA
From
Pads
S0
S1
Internal
Signal
CLKMOD
CLKO(17)
CLKO(16)
CLKO(15)
Clock Networks
The ACT 3 architecture contains four clock networks: two
high-performance dedicated clock networks and two
general-purpose routed networks. The high-performance
networks function up to 200 MHz, while the general-purpose
routed networks function up to 150 MHz.
Clock
Drivers
CLKO(2)
CLKO(1)
Dedicated Clocks
Dedicated clock networks support high performance by
providing sub-nanosecond skew and predictable
performance. Dedicated clock networks contain no
programming elements in the path from the I/O pad driver to
Clock Tracks
Figure 6 • Clock Networks
7