RF Coaxial Connectors
Glossary of Terms
What do you mean, ‘‘Impedance’’?
Clamp - The holding of a cable by use of a screw thread action.
Dust cap - A mechanical device attached to the mating face of an
unmated connector to prevent ingress of contaminants and provide
protection against mechanical damage.
In every job speciality there are certain words and
phrases used by the ‘‘insiders’’ which after a time
become almost a language unique to that
speciality. Radio frequency (RF) and microwave
technology is a typical example of that condition.
Closed entry contact - A female contact which is designed to prevent
insertion of a contact larger than that specified.
Duty factor - The way of deriving the average power.
CMM - Self-aligning microminiature blind mate connectors with non-
butting interface
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - The ability of a device to
operate within its intended environment without being effected by or
generating electromagnetic interference (EMI).
The following pages provide some explanations, in
an attempt to clarify some of the terms that are
commonly used by engineers and sales staff at
ITT Cannon.
Coaxial Cable - A transmission line where the one conductor is
concentric inside another; often abbreviated to ‘coax’.
EMI - Electro-magnetic interference (created by the field force
surrounding a transmission line carrying RF power)
Coaxial termination - A resistive element used to end a coaxial line in
its characteristic impedance.
Engagement and separation forces - The forces required to mate and
unmate a pair of connectors. The forces are usually specified as a max
& min for each action.
The list is not comprehensive, but highlights many
of the expressions commonly used. Should you
have any comments or additions please contact
us. Feedback will be appreciated.
Coaxial terminator - A device for terminating coaxial cable to a PCB or
bulkhead (purely a mechanical device and should not be confused
with coaxial termination)
Environmentally sealed - A connector that is provided with seals or
other devices to prevent ingress of dust, moisture or other
contaminants whilst mated which might impair performance.
Coaxitube - Trade name for Precision Tube Inc.’s semi-rigid cable.
1.0/2.3 - A miniature connector in both 50 and 75 ȉ versions used for
Conhex - Trade name covering SMB and SMC, both in 50 Ohm and 75
Ohm impedances (Discontinued).
communications and instrumentation. 75
telecommunications.
ȉ
now popular in
Flexible cable - A coaxial cable where the outer conductor is flexible
(usually braided).
Connector durability - The number of times a connector can be
physically mated and still maintain its specified performance.
1.6/5.6 - A 75 ȉ connector used extensively in telecommunication
systems.
Flexit - A flexible cable from ITT Cannon which has similar properties
to semi-rigid.
Contact resistance - The measurement of the DC electrical resistance
between a pair of mated contacts. Usually specified as being
measured after a given number of mating cycles.
Anti-cocking - A mechanism to prevent a connector from mis-
aligning.
Float mount - A mounting mechanism that allows the connector to
move enabling compensation for axial and radial misalignment.
Attenuation - Decrease in power due to resistance or mismatch in
transmission line.
Corona - A discharge of electricity caused by the ionisation of the air
around a conductor just prior to total breakdown or flashover.
Fret corrosion - The increase in speed of oxidation created by two
materials in intimate contact and subject to vibration.
Back Mounted - When applied to a coaxial connector it is that
connector mounted from the rear of a panel with the fixing nut on the
outside.
Crimp: - The action of distorting a metal tube to give intimate contact
with a conductor; a good crimp should be gas tight and not be
impacted by environmental change.
Gang mounted - The mounting of multiple connectors on a single
panel.
Gigahertz (GHz) - A measure of frequency representing1billion Hertz
(cycles per second).
Bandwidth - Is the distance between two frequencies over which a RF
or microwave device is intended to work.
Crimp dies - The tool inserts which determine the shape of the
distortion to create a consistently good crimp.
HDC - High Density Connector. A variant of SMZ connector.
Between Series Adaptor - An adaptor used to connect two different
generic types of connector.
Crimp tool - The tool which holds crimp dies to apply the necessary
force.
Hermetic seal - The fixed half of a connector which is sealed against
the passage of gas from one side of a bulkhead to another in the mated
or unmated condition.
Blind mate - Connectors which may be mated when out of view owing
to their float mount facility.
Cross talk - The amount of signal which may be transferred from one
signal carrying line to an adjacent line.
Impedance - See ‘‘Characteristic impedance’’.
BMA - A blind mate connector capable of working to18 GHz; this range
is covered by MIL spec style BMA.
Cut off frequency - The frequency at which the loss exceeds a
predetermined level.
In-series adaptor - An adaptor which enables the connection of two
connectors of the same generic type.
TM
BMB - A blind mate connector capable of working to 18 GHz. Not
dB - Abbreviation for Decibel.
compatible with BMA.
Insertion loss - The loss of power due to a particular component in a
transmission line (e.g. cable)
DDF
-
Digital Distribution Frame. Used in telecommunication
BNC - Bayonet Nut Connector. Probably the most commonly used
coaxial connector in professional electronics.
exchanges.
Insulation resistance - The electrical resistance between two
conductors separated by an insulating medium.
Decibel (dB) - A unit of measurement of RF power loss.
Braid - A weave of metal strands used as an electrical shield for an
insulated conductor or group of conductors.
Dielectric - The insulating medium which holds the center conductor
concentric within the connector or cable.
Inter modulation - The mixing of two or more frequencies which are
not intended to mix.
BS9210 - The generic British Standard specification covering coaxial
connectors.
Dielectric constant - The electrical value of the dielectric which
determines the impedance in cables or connectors with constant
diameters.
Interface - The two surfaces of a connector which come into intimate
contact when the two halves are mated.
BT - British Telecom. Designation given to cable and connectors
specified by this telecom operator.
Inter-series adaptor - See ‘‘Between Series Adaptor’’.
Dielectric withstanding voltage - The maximum voltage that a
dielectric material can withstand without failure.
Bulkhead mount - The type of connector fitted to a chassis using a
single cut-out hole.
Isolation - The measure of interaction between two or more
transmission lines.
Direct solder - A common method of terminating connectors to
semi-rigid cable by soldering the cable jacket to the connector.
Cable retention - The mechanism that joins the connector to the
cable.
Jack - One half of a mating pair of connectors. The jack interface
normally goes inside the plug interface.
Discontinuity - A dramatic change in characteristic impedance which
gives rise to a reflected wave.
Cable retention force - The axial force which a connector/cable join
can withstand.
Line stretcher - Alternative name for Phase Adjuster.
Dissipation - The unused or lost energy in a system e.g. heat.
Distortion - An unwanted change in a signal wave form.
MCX - A miniature connector with a size between the SMB & SSMB.
Captive - A component such as a contact which is held firmly in
position.
Mean power - The mean value of the rate at which energy is
transmitted from one place to another.
Characteristic Impedance
-
That impedance at which the
Dummy load - A device connected to the end of a transmission line to
absorb transmitted power and prevent reflected energy.
transmission line is intended to work. A change from the characteristic
impedance along its length will cause mismatch and loss of power.
Micro strip - A Transmission line consisting of a flat conductor on a
dielectric above a single ground plane. (The ground plane is frequently
a metalised face of the dielectric).
141
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