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LB-9

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美国国家半导体 - NSC		/
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Universal Balancing Techniques

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National Semiconductor

Linear Brief 9

August 1969

Universal Balancing

Techniques

IC op amps are widely accepted as a universal analog

component. Although the circuit designs may vary, most

devices are functionally interchangeable. However, offset

voltage balancing remains a personality trait of the particular

amplifier design. The techniques shown here allow offset

voltage balancing without regard to the internal circuitry of

the amplifier.

00846002

FIGURE 2. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting

Amplifiers Using Any Type of Feedback Element

00846001

R1 = 2000 R3 \ R4

This technique of supplying a small voltage effectively in

series with the input is also used for adjusting non-inverting

amplifiers. As is shown in Figure 3, divider R₁, R₂reduces

the voltage at the arm of the pot to 7.5 mW for offset

adjustment. Since R₂appears in series with R₄, R₂should

be considered when calculating the gain. If R₄is greater than

10 kΩ the error due to R₂is less than 1%.

R4 \ R3 ≤ 10 kΩ

FIGURE 1. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting

Amplifiers Using 10 kΩ Source Resistance or Less

The circuit shown in Figure 1 is used to balance out the

offset voltage of inverting amplifiers having a source resis-

tance of 10 kΩ or less. A small current is injected into the

summing node of the amplifier through R₁. Since R₁is 2000

times as large as the source resistance the voltage at the

arm of the pot is attenuated by a factor of 2000 at the

summing node. With the values given and 15V supplies the

output may be zeroed for offset voltages up to 7.5 mW.

If the value of the source resistance is much larger than 10

kΩ, the resistance needed for R₁becomes too large. In this

case it is much easier to balance out the offset by supplying

a small voltage at the non-inverting input of the amplifier.

Figure 2 shows such a scheme. Resistors R₁and R₂divide

the voltage at the arm of the pot to supply a 7.5 mW

adjustment range with 15V supplies.

This adjustment method is also useful when the feedback

element is a capacitor or non-linear device.

AN008460

www.national.com

12 3

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