ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
Data Sheet
As a result, the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404
devices can draw large amounts of current at low voltage for
extended periods of time.
PROPAGATION DELAY-RELATED PARAMETERS
Propagation delay is a parameter that describes the time it takes
a logic signal to propagate through a component (see Figure 26).
The propagation delay to a logic low output may differ from the
propagation delay to a logic high.
The output voltage of the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/
ADuM5404 devices exhibits VISO overshoot during startup. If
this overshoot could potentially damage components attached
to VISO, a voltage-limiting device such as a Zener diode can be
used to clamp the voltage. Typical behavior is shown in Figure 19
and Figure 20.
INPUT (V
)
50%
Ix
tPLH
tPHL
OUTPUT (V
)
50%
Ox
EMI CONSIDERATIONS
Figure 26. Propagation Delay Parameters
The dc-to-dc converter section of the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/
ADuM5403/ADuM5404 devices must operate at 180 MHz to
allow efficient power transfer through the small transformers.
This creates high frequency currents that can propagate in circuit
board ground and power planes, causing edge emissions and
dipole radiation between the primary and secondary ground
planes. Grounded enclosures are recommended for applications
that use these devices. If grounded enclosures are not possible,
follow good RF design practices in the layout of the PCB. See the
AN-0971 Application Note for board layout recommendations
Pulse width distortion is the maximum difference between
these two propagation delay values and is an indication of
how accurately the input signal timing is preserved.
Channel-to-channel matching refers to the maximum amount
the propagation delay differs between channels within a single
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 component.
Propagation delay skew refers to the maximum amount the
propagation delay differs between multiple ADuM5401/
ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 components operating
under the same conditions.
DC CORRECTNESS AND MAGNETIC FIELD IMMUNITY
START-UP BEHAVIOR
Positive and negative logic transitions at the isolator input cause
narrow (~1 ns) pulses to be sent to the decoder via the transformer.
The decoder is bistable and is, therefore, either set or reset by the
pulses, indicating input logic transitions. In the absence of logic
transitions at the input for more than 1 µs, a periodic set of refresh
pulses indicative of the correct input state is sent to ensure dc
correctness at the output. If the decoder receives no internal pulses
for more than approximately 5 µs, the input side is assumed to
be unpowered or nonfunctional, and the isolator output is forced to
a default low state by the watchdog timer circuit. This situation
should occur in the ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/
ADuM5404 during power-up and power-down operations.
The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 do not
contain a soft start circuit. Therefore, the start-up current and
voltage behavior must be taken into account when designing
with this device.
When power is applied to VDD1, the input switching circuit begins
to operate and draw current when the UVLO minimum voltage
is reached. The switching circuit drives the maximum available
power to the output until it reaches the regulation voltage where
PWM control begins. The amount of current and the time
required to reach regulation voltage depends on the load and
the VDD1 slew rate.
The limitation on the magnetic field immunity of the
With a fast VDD1 slew rate (200 µs or less), the peak current draws
up to 100 mA/V of VDD1. The input voltage goes high faster than
the output can turn on, so the peak current is proportional to
the maximum input voltage.
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 is set by the
condition in which induced voltage in the receiving coil of the
transformer is sufficiently large to either falsely set or reset the
decoder. The following analysis defines the conditions under
which this may occur. The 3.3 V operating condition of the
ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 is examined
because it represents the most susceptible mode of operation.
With a slow VDD1 slew rate (in the millisecond range), the input
voltage is not changing quickly when VDD1 reaches the UVLO
minimum voltage. The current surge is approximately 300 mA
because VDD1 is nearly constant at the 2.7 V UVLO voltage. The
behavior during startup is similar to when the device load is a
short circuit; these values are consistent with the short-circuit
current shown in Figure 14.
The pulses at the transformer output have an amplitude greater
than 1.0 V. The decoder has a sensing threshold at approximately
0.5 V, thus establishing a 0.5 V margin in which induced voltages
can be tolerated. The voltage induced across the receiving coil is
given by
When starting the device for VISO = 5 V operation, do not limit
the current available to the VDD1 power pin to less than 300 mA.
The ADuM5401/ADuM5402/ADuM5403/ADuM5404 devices
may not be able to drive the output to the regulation point if a
current-limiting device clamps the VDD1 voltage during startup.
2
V = (−dβ/dt)∑πrn ; n = 1, 2, … , N
where:
β is the magnetic flux density (gauss).
rn is the radius of the nth turn in the receiving coil (cm).
N is the total number of turns in the receiving coil.
Rev. C | Page 22 of 28
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