Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary specification
Fast charge ICs for NiCd, NiMH, SLA and
LiIon
TEA1102; TEA1102T;
TEA1102TS
voltage peak detection, fast charging is also protected by
temperature cut-off and time-out.
INTRODUCTION
All battery types are initially fast charged with an
adjustable high current. Fast charge termination depends
upon the battery type. With NiCd and NiMH batteries the
main fast charge termination will be the ∆T/∆t (temperature
detection) and/or peak voltage detection and with SLA and
LiIon batteries when the battery voltage reaches
2.45 or 4.1 V respectively.
To avoid false fast charge termination by peak voltage
detection or ∆T/∆t, full detection is disabled during a short
hold-off period at the start of a fast charge session. After
fast charge termination, the battery is extra charged by a
top-off period. During this period of approximately one
hour, the charge current is lowered thus allowing the
battery to be charged to nearly 100% before the system
switches over to standby.
The fast charge period is followed by a top-off period for
NiCd and NiMH batteries and by a fill-up period for SLA
and LiIon batteries. During the top-off period the NiCd and
NiMH batteries are charged to maximum capacity by
reduced adjustable charge current.
After the battery has been charged to nearly 100% by the
top-off period, discharge of the battery (caused by a load
or by the self-discharge) can be avoided by voltage
regulation or by trickle charge.
During the fill-up period the SLA and LiIon batteries are
charged to maximum capacity by a constant voltage and a
gradually decreasing current. The fill-up and top-off period
ends after time-out or one hour respectively.
If batteries are charged in combination with a load, the
TEA1102x can be programmed to apply voltage regulation
during the standby mode. In this way, discharge of the
battery caused by self-discharge or by an eventual load is
avoided. The regulating voltage is adjustable to the
voltage characteristic of the battery. For battery safety the
charge current is limited and the temperature is monitored
during voltage regulation. If a trickle charge is applied, the
self-discharge of the battery will be compensated by a
pulsating charge current.
After the fill-up or top-off period, the TEA1102x switches
over to the standby mode. For NiCd and NiMH batteries
either the voltage regulation or trickle charge mode can be
selected. The voltage regulation mode is selected when
the battery includes a fixed load. Trickle charge prevents a
discharge of the battery over a long period of time.
For SLA and LiIon batteries the charge current is disabled
during standby. The fast charge mode is entered again
when the battery voltage reaches 1.5 V (SLA) or 3 V
(LiIon).
To avoid the so called ‘memory effect’ in NiCd batteries, a
refresh can be manually activated.The discharge current is
regulated by the IC in combination with an external power
transistor. After discharging the battery to 1 V per cell, the
system automatically switches over to fast charge.
Charging principles
CHARGING NiCd/NiMH BATTERIES
CHARGING LiION/SLA BATTERIES
Fast charging of the battery begins when the power supply
voltage is applied and at battery insertion.
Charging these types of batteries differs considerably from
charging NiCd and NiMH batteries. The batteries will be
charged with a charge current of 0.15 CA if their cell
voltage is below the minimum voltage of 0.9 V for Lilon or
0.45 V for SLA. With batteries in good condition the battery
voltage will rise above 0.9 V in a short period of time.
When the batteries are short-circuited the voltage will not
rise above 0.9 V within one hour and the system will
change over to cut-off, which means that the output drivers
AO and PWM are fixed to zero and that battery charge can
only be started again after a power-on reset. If the battery
voltage of a good condition battery is above the minimum
level of 0.9 V the battery will be charged with the
During fast charge of NiCd and NiMH batteries, the battery
temperature and voltage are monitored. Outside the
initialized temperature and voltage window, the system
switches over to the top-off charge current.
The TEA1102x supports detection of fully charged NiCd
and NiMH batteries by either of the following criteria:
• ∆T/∆t
• Voltage peak detection.
If the system is programmed with ∆T/∆t and Vpeak or, ∆T/∆t
or Vpeak as the main fast charge termination, it
programmed fast charge current.
automatically switches to voltage peak detection if the
battery pack is not provided with a temperature sensing
input (NTC). In this way both packages, with and without
temperature sensor, can be used randomly independent of
the applied full detection method. Besides ∆T/∆t and/or
If Lilon or SLA batteries are used, ‘full’ is detected when
the battery voltage reaches 4.1 and 2.45 V respectively.
At this point the TEA1102x switches from current
regulation to voltage regulation (fill-up mode).
1999 Jan 27
6
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