LOUDNESS COMPENSATION
Application Notes
A simple loudness compensation may be effected by applying
a DC control voltage to pin 7. This operates on the tone control
stages to produce an additional boost limited by the maximum
boost defined by Cb and Ct. There is no loudness compen-
sation when pin 7 is connected to pin 17. Pin 7 can be
connected to pin 12 to give the loudness compensated vol-
ume characteristic as illustrated without the addition of further
external components. (Tone settings are for flat response,
Cb and Ct as given in Application Circuit.) Modification to the
loudness characteristic is possible by changing the capacitors
Cb and Ct for a different basic response or, by a resistor net-
work between pins 7 and 12 for a different threshold and
slope.
TONE RESPONSE
The maximum boost and cut can be optimized for individual
applications by selection of the appropriate values of Ct (tre-
ble) and Cb (bass).
The tone responses are defined by the relationships:
SIGNAL HANDLING
The volume control function of the LM1036 is carried out in
two stages, controlled by the DC voltage on pin 12, to improve
signal handling capability and provide a reduction of output
noise level at reduced gain. The first stage is before the tone
control processing and provides an initial 15 dB of gain re-
duction, so ensuring that the tone sections are not overdriven
by large input levels when operating with a low volume setting.
Any combination of tone and volume settings may be used
provided the output level does not exceed 1 Vrms, VCC=12V
(0.8 Vrms, VCC=9V). At reduced gain (<−6 dB)the input stage
will overload if the input level exceeds 1.6 Vrms, VCC=12V
(1.1 Vrms, VCC=9V). As there is volume control on the input
stages, the inputs may be operated with a lower overload
margin than would otherwise be acceptable, allowing a pos-
sible improvement in signal to noise ratio.
Where ab=at=0 for maximum bass and treble boost respec-
tively and ab=at=1 for maximum cut.
For the values of Cb and Ct of 0.39 μF and 0.01 μF as shown
in the Application Circuit, 15 dB of boost or cut is obtained at
40 Hz and 16 kHz.
ZENER VOLTAGE
A zener voltage (pin 17=5.4V) is provided which may be used
to bias the control potentiometers. Setting a DC level of one
half of the zener voltage on the control inputs, pins 4, 9, and
14, results in the balanced gain and flat response condition.
Typical spread on the zener voltage is ±100 mV and this must
be taken into account if control signals are used which are not
referenced to the zener voltage. If this is the case, then they
will need to be derived with similar accuracy.
Application Circuit
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