CS4329
of the input signal at multiples of 128× the input
sample rate. These images are removed by the ex-
ternal analog filter.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The CS4329 is a complete stereo digital-to-analog
system including 128× digital interpolation, fourth-
order delta-sigma digital-to-analog conversion,
128× oversampled one-bit delta-sigma modulator
and analog filtering. This architecture provides a
high insensitivity to clock jitter. The DAC converts
digital data at any input sample rate between 1 and
50 kHz, including the standard audio rates of 48,
44.1 and 32 kHz.
Delta-Sigma Modulator
The interpolation filter is followed by a fourth-or-
der delta-sigma modulator which converts the 24-
bit interpolation filter output into 1-bit data at
128× Fs.
Switched-Capacitor Filter
The primary purpose of using delta-sigma modula-
tion techniques is to avoid the limitations of laser
trimmed resistive DAC architectures by using an
inherently linear 1-bit DAC. The advantages of a 1-
bit DAC include: ideal differential linearity, no dis-
tortion mechanisms due to resistor matching errors
and no linearity drift over time and temperature due
to variations in resistor values.
The delta-sigma modulator is followed by a digital-
to-analog converter which translates the 1-bit data
into a series of charge packets. The magnitude of
the charge in each packet is determined by sam-
pling of a voltage reference onto a switched capac-
itor, where the polarity of each packet is controlled
by the 1-bit signal. This technique greatly reduces
the sensitivity to clock jitter and is a major im-
provement over earlier generations of 1-bit digital-
to-analog converters where the magnitude of
charge in the D-to-A process is determined by
switching a current reference for a period of time
defined by the master clock.
Digital Interpolation Filter
The digital interpolation filter increases the sample
rate by a factor of 4 and is followed by a 32× digital
sample-and hold to effectively achieve a 128× in-
terpolation filter. This filter eliminates images of
the baseband audio signal which exist at multiples
of the input sample rate, Fs. This allows for the se-
lection of a less complex analog filter based on out-
of-band noise attenuation requirements rather than
anti-image filtering. Following the interpolation
filter, the resulting frequency spectrum has images
The CS4329 incorporates a differential output to
maximize the output level to minimize the amount
of gain required in the output analog stage. The dif-
ferential output also allows for the cancellation of
common mode errors in the differential to singled-
ended converter.
Analog
Low-Pass
Filter
AOUTL+
Delta-Sigma
Interpolator
DAC
Modulator
AOUTL-
Figure 2. Block Diagram
DS153F1
7