3. RF Front End
The RF front end of the receiver is a low-IF heterodyne configuration that converts the input sig-
nal into an about 1 MHz IF signal with an image rejection of typical 30 dB. According to Figure
2-1 on page 3 the front end consists of an LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), LO (Local Oscillator), I/Q
mixer, polyphase lowpass filter and an IF amplifier.
The PLL generates the carrier frequency for the mixer via a full integrated synthesizer with inte-
grated low noise LC-VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) and PLL-loop filter. The XTO (crystal
oscillator) generates the reference frequency fXTO. The integrated LC-VCO generates two times
the mixer drive frequency fVCO. The I/Q signals for the mixer are generated with a divide by two
circuit (fLO = fVCO/2). fVCO is divided by a factor of 256 and feeds into a phase frequency detector
and compared with fXTO. The output of the phase frequency detector is fed into an integrated
loop filter and thereby generates the control voltage for the VCO. If fLO is determined, fXTO can be
calculated using the following formula:
fXTO = fLO/128
The XTO is a one-pin oscillator that operates at the series resonance of the quartz crystal with
high current but low voltage signal, so that there is only a small voltage at the crystal oscillator
frequency at pin XTAL. According to Figure 3-1, the crystal should be connected to GND with a
series capacitor CL. The value of that capacitor is recommended by the crystal supplier. Due to a
somewhat inductive impedance at steady state oscillation and some PCB parasitics a lower
value of CL is normally necessary.
The value of CL should be optimized for the individual board layout to achieve the exact value of
fXTO (the best way is to use a crystal with known load resonance frequency to find the right value
for this capacitor) and hereby of fLO. When designing the system in terms of receiving bandwidth
and local oscillator accuracy, the accuracy of the crystal and the XTO must be considered.
If a crystal with ±30 ppm adjustment tolerance at 25°C, ±50 ppm over temperature –40°C to
+105°C, ±10 ppm of total aging and a CM (motional capacitance) of 7 fF is used, an additional
XTO pulling of ±30 ppm has to be added.
The resulting total LO tolerance of ±120 ppm agrees with the receiving bandwidth specification
of the 600 kHz version of ATA5760/ATA5761 if the T5750 has also a total LO tolerance of
±120 ppm.
For the ATA5760N3 crystals with ±55 ppm total tolerance are needed for receiver and transmit-
ter to cope with the reduced IF-bandwidth.
Figure 3-1. XTO Peripherals
VS
DVCC
CL
XTAL
NC
TEST 3
TEST 2
4
ATA5760/ATA5761
4896C–RKE–04/06