2.6W Stereo Audio Power Amplifier and
DirectDrive Headphone Amplifier
Table 2. Suggested Capacitor Manufacturers
SUPPLIER
Taiyo Yuden
TDK
PHONE
FAX
WEBSITE
8±±-ꢀ48-ꢁ496
8±7-8±ꢀ-61±±
847-9ꢁ5-±899
847-ꢀ9±-44±5
www.t-yuden.com
www.component.tdk.com
BIAS Capacitor
BIAS is the output of the internally generated DC bias
voltage. The BIAS bypass capacitor, C , improves
transients. Bypass CPV with Cꢀ, the same value as C1,
DD
and place it physically close to CPV
and PGND (refer
DD
to the MAX9779 Evaluation Kit for a suggested layout).
BIAS
PSRR and THD+N by reducing power supply and other
noise sources at the common-mode bias node, and
also generates the clickless/popless, startup/shutdown
DC bias waveforms for the speaker amplifiers. Bypass
BIAS with a 1µF capacitor to GND.
Powering Other Circuits from a
Negative Supply
An additional benefit of the MAX9779 is the internally gen-
erated negative supply voltage (CPV ). CPV is used
SS
SS
by the MAX9779 to provide the negative supply for the
headphone amplifiers. It can also be used to power other
Charge-Pump Capacitor Selection
Use capacitors with an ESR less than 1±±mΩ for opti-
mum performance. Low-ESR ceramic capacitors mini-
mize the output resistance of the charge pump. For
best performance over the extended temperature
range, select capacitors with an X7R dielectric. Table 4
lists suggested manufacturers.
devices within a design. Current draw from CPV should
SS
be limited to 5mA; exceeding this affects the operation of
the headphone amplifier. A typical application is a nega-
tive supply to adjust the contrast of LCD modules.
When considering the use of CPV
in this manner,
SS
note that the charge-pump voltage of CPV is roughly
SS
proportional to CPV
and is not a regulated voltage.
DD
Flying Capacitor (C1)
The value of the flying capacitor (C1) affects the load
regulation and output resistance of the charge pump. A
C1 value that is too small degrades the device’s ability
to provide sufficient current drive, which leads to a loss
of output voltage. Increasing the value of C1 improves
load regulation and reduces the charge-pump output
resistance to an extent. See the Output Power vs.
Charge-Pump Capacitance and Load Resistance
graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Above
ꢁ.ꢁµF, the on-resistance of the switches and the ESR of
C1 and Cꢁ dominate.
The charge-pump output impedance plot appears in
the Typical Operating Characteristics.
Layout and Grounding
Proper layout and grounding are essential for optimum
performance. Use large traces for the power-supply
inputs and amplifier outputs to minimize losses due to
parasitic trace resistance, as well as route head away
from the device. Good grounding improves audio per-
formance, minimizes crosstalk between channels, and
prevents any switching noise from coupling into the audio
signal. Connect CPGND, PGND, and GND together at a
single point on the PC board. Route CPGND and all traces
that carry switching transients away from GND, PGND,
and the traces and components in the audio signal path.
Output Capacitor (C2)
The output capacitor value and ESR directly affect the
ripple at CPV . Increasing the value of Cꢁ reduces
SS
output ripple. Likewise, decreasing the ESR of Cꢁ
reduces both ripple and output resistance. Lower
capacitance values can be used in systems with low
maximum output power levels. See the Output Power
vs. Charge-Pump Capacitance and Load Resistance
graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics.
Connect all components associated with the charge
pump (Cꢁ and Cꢀ) to the CPGND plane. Connect V
SS
and CPV
together at the device. Place the charge-
SS
pump capacitors (C1, Cꢁ, and Cꢀ) as close to the
device as possible. Bypass HPV and PV with a
DD
DD
±.1µF capacitor to GND. Place the bypass capacitors
as close to the device as possible.
CPV
Bypass Capacitor
DD
Use large, low-resistance output traces. As load imped-
ance decreases, the current drawn from the device out-
puts increase. At higher current, the resistance of the
output traces decrease the power delivered to the load.
The CPV
bypass capacitor (Cꢀ) lowers the output
DD
impedance of the power supply and reduces the
impact of the MAX9779’s charge-pump switching
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15