AD637
100
10
100
10
BUFFER
AD637
RMS
BUFFER
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
BUFFER INPUT
1
14
SIGNAL
INPUT
NC
ABSOLUTE
VALUE
13
2
3
ANALOG COM
+
12 NC
11
C3
BIAS
SECTION
1.0
1.0
OUTPUT
OFFSET
SQUARER/DIVIDER
+V
S
4
5
25k⍀
VALUES FOR C AND
AV
CHIP
SELECT
–V
S
10
1% SETTLING TIME
0.1
0.1
FOR STATED % OF READING
AVERAGING ERROR*
ACCURACY ؎2% DUE TO
COMPONENT TOLERANCE
25k⍀
DENOMINATOR
INPUT
9
+
6
7
* %dc ERROR + %RIPPLE (Peak)
C
AV
FILTER
0.01
8
0.01
100k
dB
1
10
100
1k
10k
INPUT FREQUENCY – Hz
Figure 9a.
R
24k⍀
X
24k⍀
100
10
100
VALUES OF C , C2 AND
AV
+
C2
FOR 1 POLE
FILTER, SHORT
AND
1% SETTLING TIME FOR
STATED % OF READING
AVERAGING ERROR*
R
X
REMOVE C3
FOR 1 POLE POST FILTER
10
* %dc ERROR + % PEAK RIPPLE
ACCURACY ؎20% DUE TO
COMPONENT TOLERANCE
Figure 8. Two Pole Sallen-Key Filter
Figure 9a shows values of CAV and the corresponding averaging
error as a function of sine-wave frequency for the standard rms
connection. The 1% settling time is shown on the right side of
the graph.
1.0
1.0
Figure 9b shows the relationship between averaging error, signal
frequency settling time and averaging capacitor value. This
graph is drawn for filter capacitor values of 3.3 times the averag-
ing capacitor value. This ratio sets the magnitude of the ac and
dc errors equal at 50 Hz. As an example, by using a 1 µF averag-
ing capacitor and a 3.3 µF filter capacitor, the ripple for a 60 Hz
input signal will be reduced from 5.3% of reading using the
averaging capacitor alone to 0.15% using the single pole filter.
This gives a factor of thirty reduction in ripple and yet the set-
tling time would only increase by a factor of three. The values of
CAV and C2, the filter capacitor, can be calculated for the desired
value of averaging error and settling time by using Figure 9b.
0.1
0.1
0.01
100k
0.01
1
10
100
1k
10k
INPUT FREQUENCY – Hz
Figure 9b.
100
10
100
10
VALUES OF C , C2 AND C3
AV
AND 1% SETTLING TIME FOR
STATED % OF READING
AVERAGING ERROR*
2 POLL SALLEN-KEY FILTER
* %dc ERROR + % PEAK RIPPLE
ACCURACY ؎20% DUE TO
COMPONENT TOLERANCE
The symmetry of the input signal also has an effect on the mag-
nitude of the averaging error. Table I gives practical component
values for various types of 60 Hz input signals. These capacitor
values can be directly scaled for frequencies other than 60 Hz,
i.e., for 30 Hz double these values, for 120 Hz they are halved.
1.0
1.0
0.1
0.1
For applications that are extremely sensitive to ripple, the two pole
configuration is suggested. This configuration will minimize
capacitor values and settling time while maximizing performance.
0.01
100k
0.01
1
10
100
1k
10k
Figure 9c can be used to determine the required value of CAV
C2 and C3 for the desired level of ripple and settling time.
,
INPUT FREQUENCY – Hz
Figure 9c.
–6–
REV. E