Typical Characteristics–AD548
Figure 19a. Unity Gain Follower
Figure 19c. Unity Gain Follower
Pulse Response (Sm all Signal)
Figure 19b. Unity Gain Follower
Pulse Response (Large Signal)
Figure 20a. Utility Gain Inverter
Figure 20b. Utility Gain Inverter
Pulse Response (Large Signal)
Figure 20c. Unity Gain Inverter
Pulse Response (Sm all Signal)
AP P LICATIO N NO TES
Applying the AD548
T he AD548 is a JFET -input op amp with a guaranteed maxi-
mum IB of less than 10 pA, and offset and drift laser-trimmed to
0.25 mV and 2 µV/°C respectively (AD548C). AC specs in-
clude 1 MHz bandwidth, 1.8 V/µs typical slew rate and 8 µs set-
tling time for a 20 V step to ±0.01%—all at a supply current less
than 200 µA. T o capitalize on the device’s performance, a num-
ber of error sources should be considered.
T he minimal power drain and low offset drift of the AD548
reduce self-heating or “warm-up” effects on input offset voltage,
making the AD548 ideal for on/off battery powered applica-
tions. T he power dissipation due to the AD548’s 200 µA supply
current has a negligible effect on input current, but heavy out-
put loading will raise the chip temperature. Since a JFET ’s in-
put current doubles for every 10°C rise in chip temperature, this
can be a noticeable effect.
Figure 21. Offset Null Configuration
LAYO UT
T o take full advantage of the AD548’s 10 pA max input current,
parasitic leakages must be kept below an acceptable level. T he
practical limit of the resistance of epoxy or phenolic circuit
board material is between 1 × 1012 Ω and 3 × 1012 Ω. T his can
result in an additional leakage of 5 pA between an input of 0 V
and a –15 V supply line. T eflon or a similar low leakage material
(with a resistance exceeding 1017 Ω) should be used to isolate
high impedance input lines from adjacent lines carrying high
voltages. T he insulator should be kept clean, since contaminants
will degrade the surface resistance.
T he amplifier is designed to be functional with power supply
voltages as low as ±4.5 V. It will exhibit a higher input offset
voltage than at the rated supply voltage of ±15 V, due to power
supply rejection effects. T he common-mode range of the
AD548 extends from 3 V more positive than the negative supply
to 1 V more negative than the positive supply. Designed to
cleanly drive up to 10 kΩ and 100 pF loads, the AD548 will
drive a 2 kΩ load with reduced open loop gain.
O FFSET NULLING
Unlike bipolar input amplifiers, zeroing the input offset voltage
of a BiFET op amp will not minimize offset drift. Using balance
Pins 1 and 5 to adjust the input offset voltage as shown in Fig-
ure 21 will induce an added drift of 0.24 µV/°C per 100 µV of
nulled offset. T he low initial offset (0.25 mV) of the AD548C
results in only 0.6 µV/°C of additional drift.
A metal guard completely surrounding the high impedance
nodes and driven by a voltage near the common-mode input po-
tential can also be used to reduce some parasitic leakages. T he
guarding pattern in Figure 22 will reduce parasitic leakage due
to finite board surface resistance; but it will not compensate for
a low volume resistivity board.
REV. C
–5–