ICS8442
Integrated
Circuit
ICS8442
700MHZ, CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR-TO-DIFFERENTIAL
700MHZ, CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR-TO-DIFFERENTIAL LVDS FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
TSD
Systems, Inc.
LVDS FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
cific default state that will automatically occur during power-
NOTE: The functional description that follows describes op-
eration using a 25MHz crystal. Valid PLL loop divider values
for different crystal or input frequencies are defined in the In-
put Frequency Characteristics, Table 5, NOTE 1.
up. The TEST output is LOW when operating in the parallel
input mode.The relationship between the VCO frequency, the
crystal frequency and the M divider is defined as follows:
fVCO = fxtal x M
The ICS8442 features a fully integrated PLL and therefore
requires no external components for setting the loop band-
width. A fundamental crystal is used as the input to the on-
chip oscillator.The output of the oscillator is fed into the phase
detector. A 25MHz crystal provides a 25MHz phase detector
reference frequency. The VCO of the PLL operates over a
range of 250MHz to 700MHz. The output of the M divider is
also applied to the phase detector.
The M value and the required values of M0 through M8 are
shown in Table 3B, Programmable VCO Frequency Function
Table.Valid M values for which the PLL will achieve lock for a
25MHz reference are defined as 10 ≤ M ≤ 28. The frequency
out is defined as follows:
FOUT = fVCO = fxtal x M
N
N
Serial operation occurs when nP_LOAD is HIGH and S_LOAD
is LOW. The shift register is loaded by sampling the S_DATA
bits with the rising edge of S_CLOCK. The contents of the
shift register are loaded into the M divider and N output di-
vider when S_LOAD transitions from LOW-to-HIGH. The M
divide and N output divide values are latched on the HIGH-to-
LOW transition of S_LOAD. If S_LOAD is held HIGH, data at
the S_DATA input is passed directly to the M divider and N
output divider on each rising edge of S_CLOCK. The serial
mode can be used to program the M and N bits and test bits
T1 and T0.The internal registersT0 and T1 determine the state
of the TEST output as follows:
The phase detector and the M divider force the VCO output fre-
quency to be M times the reference frequency by adjusting the
VCO control voltage. Note that for some values of M (either too
high or too low), the PLL will not achieve lock.The output of the
VCO is scaled by a divider prior to being sent to each of the
LVDS output buffers.The divider provides a 50% output duty cycle.
The programmable features of the ICS8442 support two input
modes to program the M divider and N output divider.The two
input operational modes are parallel and serial. Figure 1 shows
the timing diagram for each mode. In parallel mode, the
nP_LOAD input is initially LOW.The data on inputs M0 through
M8 and N0 and N1 is passed directly to the M divider and
N output divider. On the LOW-to-HIGH transition of the
nP_LOAD input, the data is latched and the M divider remains
loaded until the next LOW transition on nP_LOAD or until a
serial event occurs. As a result, the M and N bits can be
hardwired to set the M divider and N output divider to a spe-
T1 T0
TEST Output
LOW
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
S_Data, Shift Register Input
Output of M divider
CMOS FOUT
S
ERIAL LOADING
S_CLOCK
S_DATA
T1
T0
*NULL N1
N0 M8
M7
M6
M5 M4
M3 M2
M1
M0
t
t
H
S
S_LOAD
nP_LOAD
t
S
PARALLEL LOADING
M0:M8, N0:N1
nP_LOAD
M, N
t
t
H
S
S_LOAD
Time
FIGURE 1. PARALLEL & SERIAL LOAD OPERATIONS
*NOTE: The NULL timing slot must be observed.
8442AY
www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html
REV. D MAY 10, 2005
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IDT™ / ICS™ 700MHZ, CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR-TO-DIFFERENTIAL LVDS FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
ICS8442
2