Functional Description
The ’AC/’ACT163 counts in modulo-16 binary sequence.
From state 15 (HHHH) it increments to state 0 (LLLL). The
clock inputs of all flip-flops are driven in parallel through a
clock buffer. Thus all changes of the Q outputs occur as a
result of, and synchronous with, the LOW-to-HIGH transition
of the CP input signal. The circuits have four fundamental
modes of operation, in order of precedence: synchronous
reset, parallel load, count-up and hold. Four control inputsÐ
Synchronous Reset (SR), Parallel Enable (PE), Count En-
able Parallel (CEP) and Count Enable Trickle (CET)Ðdeter-
mine the mode of operation, as shown in the Mode Select
Table. A LOW signal on SR overrides counting and parallel
loading and allows all outputs to go LOW on the next rising
edge of CP. A LOW signal on PE overrides counting and
there is plenty of time for the ripple to progress through the
intermediate stages. The critical timing that limits the clock
period is the CP to TC delay of the first stage plus the CEP
to CP setup time of the last stage. The TC output is subject
to decoding spikes due to internal race conditions and is
therefore not recommended for use as a clock or asynchro-
nous reset for flip-flops, registers or counters.
e
Logic Equations: Count Enable
e
CEP CET PE
#
#
CET
TC
Q
Q
Q
Q
#
#
#
#
3
0
1
2
Mode Select Table
Action on the Rising
SR
PE
CET
CEP
Clock Edge (L)
allows information on the Parallel Data (P ) inputs to be
n
L
H
H
H
H
X
L
X
X
H
L
X
X
H
X
L
Reset (Clear)
loaded into the flip-flops on the next rising edge of CP. With
PE and SR HIGH, CEP and CET permit counting when both
are HIGH. Conversely, a LOW signal on either CEP or CET
inhibits counting.
Load (Pn x Q )
n
H
H
H
Count (Increment)
No Change (Hold)
No Change (Hold)
X
The ’AC/’ACT163 uses D-type edge-triggered flip-flops and
changing the SR, PE, CEP and CET inputs when the CP is in
either state does not cause errors, provided that the recom-
mended setup and hold times, with respect to the rising
edge of CP, are observed.
e
e
e
H
L
HIGH Voltage Level
LOW Voltage Level
Immaterial
X
State Diagram
The Terminal Count (TC) output is HIGH when CET is HIGH
and counter is in state 15. To implement synchronous multi-
stage counters, the TC outputs can be used with the CEP
and CET inputs in two different ways.
Figure 1 shows the connections for simple ripple carry, in
which the clock period must be longer than the CP to TC
delay of the first stage, plus the cumulative CET to TC de-
lays of the intermediate stages, plus the CET to CP setup
time of the last stage. This total delay plus setup time sets
the upper limit on clock frequency. For faster clock rates,
the carry lookahead connections shown in Figure 2 are rec-
ommended. In this scheme the ripple delay through the in-
termediate stages commences with the same clock that
causes the first stage to tick over from max to min in the Up
mode, or min to max in the Down mode, to start its final
cycle. Since this final cycle takes 16 clocks to complete,
TL/F/9932–5
TL/F/9932–8
FIGURE 1
TL/F/9932–9
FIGURE 2
2